Department of Plant Sciences
University of California
Davis, CA
95616 USA

Tel. 530-754-9925 
Fax: 530-752-4361 
Email:tpyoung@ucdavis.edu

ACACIA publications (ant coexistence and mutualism)

1. Young, T.P., C.H. Stubblefield & L.A. Isbell. 1997. Ants on swollen-thorn acacias: species coexistence in a simple system. Oecologia 109:98-107. pdf

2. Stanton, M L. & T. P. Young. 1999. Thorny relationships. Natural History Nov.: 28-31.

3. Stanton, M.L., T.M. Palmer, T.P. Young, A. Evans, M.L. Turner. 1999. Sterilization and canopy modification of a swollen thorn acacia by a plant-ant. Nature 401:578-580. pdf

4. Palmer, T.M., T.P. Young & M.L. Stanton. 2000. Short-term dynamics of an acacia ant community. Oecologia 123:425-435. pdf

5. Mugo, John Kagori. 2000. Biological nitrogen fixation in Acacia drepanolobium . MSc Diss., Department of Botany, University of Nairobi.

6. Palmer, T.M. 2001. Competition and Coexistence in a Guild of African Acacia Ants. Ph.D. Diss. University of California, Davis.

7. Wood WF, Palmer TM, Stanton ML. 2002. A comparison of volatiles in mandibular glands from three Crematogaster ant symbionts of the whistling thorn acacia. Biochem Syst Ecol 30:217-222. pdf

8. Stanton, M.L, T.M. Palmer , and T.P. Young. 2002. Tradeoffs between competition and colonization at two stages of colony development within a guild of African acacia-ants. Ecological Monographs 72:347-363. pdf
See also this external summary

9. Young, T.P., M.L. Stanton & C. Christian. 2003. Effects of natural and simulated herbivory on spine lengths of Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya. Oikos 101:171-179. pdf

10. Palmer, T.M., T.P. Young & M.L. Stanton. 2003. Burning bridges: priority effects and the persistence of a competitively subordinate acacia-ant in Laikipia, Kenya. Oecologia 133:372-379. pdf

11. Palmer, T.M. 2003. Spatial habitat heterogeneity influences competition and coexistence in an African acacia ant guild. Ecology 84:2842-2855. pdf

12. Palmer, T.M., M.L. Stanton, & T.P. Young. 2003. Competition and coexistence: exploring the mechanisms that restrict and maintain diversity within mutualist guilds. American Naturalist 161:S63-S79. pdf

13. Huntzinger, P.M., R. Karban, T.P. Young & T.M. Palmer. 2004. Relaxation of induced indirect defenses of acacias following removal of mammalian herbivores. Ecology 85:609-614. pdf

14. Palmer, T.M. 2004. Wars of attrition: colony size determines competitive outcomes in a guild of African acacia-ants. Animal Behavior 68:993-1004. pdf

15.  Stanton, M.L, T.M. Palmer , and T.P. Young. 2005.  Ecological barriers to early colony establishment in three coexisting acacia ant species in Kenya. Insectes Sociaux 52:393-401. pdf

16.  Quicke, D.L.J. and M.L. Stanton. 2005.   Trigastrotheca laikipiensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): a new species of brood parasitic wasp that attacks foundress queens of three coexisting acacia-ant species in Kenya. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 14:182-190.

17.  Wood, W.F., T.M. Palmer & M.L. Stanton. 2006.  Volatiles in the mandibular gland of Tetraponera penzigi: A plant ant of the whistling thorn acacia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 34:536-538.

18. Palmer, T.M. and A.K. Brody. 2007. Mutualism as reciprocal exploitation: African plant-ants defend foliar but not reproductive structures. Ecology 88:3004-3011. pdf

18.  Palmer, T.M., M.L. Stanton, T.P. Young, J.R. Goheen, R.M Pringle & R. Karban. 2008. Breakdown of an ant-plant mutualism following the loss of large herbivores from an African savanna.  Science 319:192-195 . pdf