Department of Plant Sciences
University of California
Davis, CA
95616 USA

Tel. 530-754-9925 
Fax: 530-752-4361 
Email:tpyoung@ucdavis.edu

KLEE Publications
(research done at the exclosures, or funded by the project)

Articles

Young, T.P. 1995. Landscape mosaics created by canopy gaps, forest edges and bushland glades. Selbyana 16:127-134.

Young, T.P., C.H. Stubblefield & L.A. Isbell. 1997. Ants on swollen-thorn acacias: species coexistence in a simple system. Oecologia 109:98-107. pdf

Young, T.P. and B.D. Okello. 1998. Relaxation of an induced defense after exclusion of herbivores: spines on Acacia drepanolobium. Oecologia115:508-513. pdf

Keesing, F. 1998. Ecology and behaviour of the pouched mouse, Saccostomus mearnsi, in central Kenya. Journal of Mammalogy 79:919-931.

Keesing, F.L. 1998. Impacts of ungulates on the demography and diversity of small mammals in central Kenya. Oecologia 116:381-389. pdf

Young, T.P., B. Okello, D. Kinyua, & T.M. Palmer. 1998. KLEE: the Kenya long-term exclosure experiment. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 14:94-102. pdf

Keesing, F. 2000. Cryptic consumers and the ecology of an African savanna. Bioscience 50:205-216. pdf

Okello, D.N. & T.P. Young. 2000. Effects of fire, bruchid beetles and soil type on the germination and seedling establishment of Acacia drepanolobium. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 17:46-51. pdf

Okello, B.D., T.G. O’Connor, & T.P. Young. 2001. Growth, biomass estimates, and charcoal production of Acacia drepanolobium in Laikipia, Kenya. Forest Ecology & Management 142:143-153. pdf

Gadd, M.E., T.P. Young & T.M. Palmer. 2001. Effects of simulated shoot and leaf herbivory in Acacia drepanolobium. Oikos 92:515-520. pdf

Keesing, F., and T. Crawford. 2001. Impacts of density and large mammals on space use by the pouched mouse (Saccostomus mearnsi) in central Kenya J. Tropical Ecology 17: 465-472.

Metz M.R. & F. Keesing. 2001. Dietary choices of the pouched mouse (Saccostomus mearnsi) in central Kenya. Biotropica 33: 182-187. pdf

Ward, D. & T.P. Young. 2002. Effects of large mammalian herbivores and ant symbionts on condensed tannins of Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28:913-529. pdf

Shaw, M.T., F. Keesing, and R.S. Ostfeld. 2002. Herbivory on acacia seedlings in an East African savanna. Oikos 98:385-392. pdf

Young, T.P., M.L. Stanton & C. Christian. 2003. Effects of natural and simulated herbivory on spine lengths of Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya. Oikos 101:171-179. pdf

Huntzinger, P.M., R. Karban, T.P. Young & T.M. Palmer. 2004. Relaxation of induced indirect defenses of acacias following removal of mammalian herbivores. Ecology 85:609-614. pdf

Goheen J.R., F. Keesing, B.F. Allan, et al. 2004. Net effects of large mammals on Acacia seedling survival in an African savanna. Ecology 85:1555-1561. pdf

Warui, C. M., M.H. Villet, & T.P. Young. 2004. Spiders (Araneae) from black cotton soils of a highland savanna in Laikipia, central Kenya. Journal of Afrotropical Zoology 1:13-24. pdf

Young, T.P., T.M Palmer & M.E. Gadd. 2005. Competition and compensation among cattle, zebras, and elephants in a semi-arid savanna in Laikipia, Kenya. Biological Conservation 122:351-359. pdf

Gadd, M.E. 2005. Conservation outside of parks: attitudes of local people in Laikipia, Kenya. Environmental Conservation 32:50-63. pdf

Warui, C.M., M.H. Villet, T.P. Young & R. Jocque.  Influence of grazing by large mammals on the spider community of a Kenyan savanna biome. Journal of Arachnology 33:269-279.  pdf

McCauley, D.J., F. Keesing, T.P. Young, J. Peters & B.F. Allan.  2006.  Indirect effects of large herbivorous mammals on snakes in an African savanna.  Ecology 87:2657-2663. pdf

Young, T.P. 2006.  Declining rural economies and the future of biodiversity: missing the forest for the trees?  Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 9:319-334. pdf

Odadi, W., T.P. Young, & J. Okeyo-Owuor. 2007. The effects of wild herbivores on cattle diet in Laikipia rangeland, Kenya.  Rangeland Ecology and Management 60:179-185. pdf

Goheen, J.R., T.P. Young, F. Keesing & T.M. Palmer. 2007. Consequences of herbivory by native ungulates for reproduction of a savanna tree.  Journal of Ecology 95:129-138. pdf

Young, T.P. and D.J. Augustine.  2007. Intraspecific variation in the effects of large mammalian herbivores on reproduction in Acacia species in Laikipia, Kenya.  Biotropica  39:559-561. pdf

Pringle, R.M., T.P. Young and D.I. Rubenstein. 2007. Spatial variation in indirect effects: large herbivores and lizards in central Kenya.  PNAS 104:193-197. pdf

Palmer, T.M., M.L. Stanton, T.P. Young, J.R. Goheen, R.M Pringle & R. Karban. 2008. Breakdown of an ant-plant mutualism following the loss of large herbivores from an African savanna.  Science 319:192-195 . pdf

Ogada, D., M.E. Gadd, R.S. Ostfeld, T.P. Young and F. Keesing. 2008. Impacts of large herbivores on bird diversity and abundance in an African savanna. Oecologia, in press.

Okello, B.D., T.P. Young, C. Riginos, D. Kelly & T. O'Connor. Short-term survival and long-term mortality of Acacia drepanolobium after a controlled burn in Laikipia, Kenya.  African Journal of Ecology, in press.

Augustine, D.J., T.P. Young, K.E. Veblen, C. Riginos  & J.R. Goheen. Pathways for positive cattle-wildlife interactions in semi-arid rangelands.  To appear in: Living with Biodiversity: Conservation Initiatives for Human-occupied Landscapes in the Ewaso Ecosystem.  Editors N. Georgiadis, J. Moss, A. King, D. Malleret-King (invited, submitted).

Dissertations

Keesing, Felicia. 1997. Ecological interactions between small mammals, large mammals, and vegetation in a tropical savanna of central Kenya. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.

Masarelli, Darcy. 2001. Effects of large mammal herbivores on the bird community of an East African savanna. M.Sc. dissertation, SUNY Albany.

Odadi, Wilfred. 2002. Cattle foraging behaviour: the influence of large mammalian herbivory in an acacia savanna, Laikipia, Kenya. MSc dissertation, Moi University, Kenya.

Gadd, Michelle. 2003. Elephant ecology and conservation in African rangelands. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis.

Otieno, Silvanos. 2005. Effects of domestic and wild herbivore utilisation on herbaceous layer aboveground primary production in central Kenya savanna. M.Sc. dissertation, University of Nairobi.

Huntzinger, P. Mikaela. 2005.  Competition between herbviores of very different body sizes: the effects of large mammals on grasshoppers in Laikipia, Kenya.  Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis.

Ngatia, Lucy. 2006.  Effects of large herbivore exclusion on soil characteristics in Laikipia, Kenya.  M.Sc. Diss., University of Nairobi.

Okello, Bell.N. 2007. Effects of herbivores, fire and harvesting on the population dynamics of Acacia drepanolobium Sjoestedt in Laikipia, Kenya.  Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Natal, South Africa.

Kimathi, Isaac. 2008. Effects of fire treatments on the aboveground herbaceous layer primary production in the savanna ecosystem, Laikipia District, Kenya M.Sc. Diss., University of Nairobi.

Notes,etc.

Young, T.P. 2003. KLEE: the Kenya Long-term Exclosure Experiment ("KLEE Corner" #1). Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter. March/April Issue.

Young, T.P. 2003. Rodents take advantage of the absence of large mammals ("KLEE Corner" #2). Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter. November Issue.

Young, T.P. 2004. Plants fight back. ("KLEE Corner" #3). Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter. May Issue.

Young, T.P. 2004. Do elephants lessen competition between cattle and zebras? ("KLEE Corner" #4). Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter. November Issue.

Goheen, J.R., F. Keesing, B.F. Allan, D. Ogada, R.S. Ostfeld & T.P. Young. 2004. Contrasting the effects of nativeversus exotic grazers in an East African savanna: establishment of the whistling thorn tree (Acacia drepanolobium). Poster for the 2004 STAR Fellowship Conference. pdf

Young, T.P. 2005. The pathology of no herbivory: long-term effects of herbivore exclusion in an African savanna. ("KLEE Corner" #5). Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter. March/April Issue.

Young, T.P. and J.R. Goheen. 2006.  Whistling thorn recruitment is affected in unexpected ways by large mammals. (“KLEE Corner” #6).Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter.  January Iss.

Riginos, C. 2006.  Cattle, wildlife, and grasses affect bush encroachment.  (“KLEE Corner” #7).Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter.  July Iss.

Pringle, R.M. & D.J. McCauley. 2007.  Zebras, giraffes, and snakes in the grass. (KLEE Corner #8).  Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter.  January 2007 Issue.

Young, T.P. & C. Riginos.  2008.  Cattle do compete with wildlife in Laikipia, even if they are “compatible”. (KLEE Corner #9).  Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter.  January 2008 Issue.