Truman P. Young
Department of Plant Sciences
University of California
Davis, CA
95616 USA

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Research Bibliography for Mpala and Segera

(and other parts of Laikipia)

Peer-Reviewed Journals Books Abstracts and conference proceedings
Notes and reports, general distribution Reports, limited distribution Dissertations
Popular Articles Other Laikipia ecology/behavior research Laikipia Research Programme publications

These articles are in chronological order.   Publications with an asterisk (*) represent broader publications that are not direct reports of research at Mpala/Segera, but include or are based in some way on such research.   Those with a dagger (†) are publications from Lynne Isbell's PAVE Project on adjacent Segera Ranch, which was initially hosted by Mpala (1992-1995), and from Rynne Palombit's baboon research on Segera. Some of the other publications listed here include research on properties other than Mpala, but based at MRC.

Peer-reviewed articles from Mpala/Segera

  1. Young, T.P., N. Patridge & A. Macrae. 1995.   Long-term glades in acacia bushland and their edge effects in Laikipia, Kenya.   Ecological Applications 5:97-108. pdf
  2. Young, T.P. 1995.   Landscape mosaics created by canopy gaps, forest edges, and bushland glades.   Selbyana 16:127-134.
  3. †*Isbell, L.A. & D. Van Vuren. 1996.   Differential costs of social and locational dispersal and their consequences for female group-living primates. Behaviour 113:1-36.
  4. *McNaughton S. J., N. R. H. Stronach, & N.   J. Georgiadis. 1997.   Combustion in natural fires and global emissions budgets.   Ecological Applications 8:464-468.
  5. Young, T.P., C.H. Stubblefield & L.A. Isbell. 1997.   Ants on swollen-thorn acacias: species coexistence in a simple system.   Oecologia 109:98-107. pdf
  6. Keesing, F. 1998.   Impacts of ungulates on the demography and diversity of small mammals in central Kenya.   Oecologia 116:381-389. pdf
  7. Young, T.P. & B.D. Okello. 1998. Relaxation of an induced defense after exclusion of herbivores: spines on Acacia drepanolobium.   Oecologia 115:508-513. pdf
  8. Keesing, F. 1998.   Ecology and behavior of the pouched mouse, Saccostomys mearnsi, in central Kenya. Journal of Mammalogy 79:919-931.
  9. Young, T.P., B.D. Okello, D. Kinyua & T.M Palmer. 1998.   KLEE: the Kenya long-term exclosure experiment. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 14:94-102. pdf
  10. †Isbell, L.A. 1998. Diet for a small primate: insectivory and gummivory in the (large) patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas).   American Journal of Primatology 45:381-398.
  11. †Isbell, L.A., J. Pruetz, M. Lewis & T.P. Young.   1998.   Locomotor activity differences between sympatric vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops ) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas): implications for the evolution of hind limb length in Homo . American Journal of Physical Anthropology 105:199-207. pdf
  12. †Isbell, L.A., J.D. Pruetz & T.P. Young. 1998.   Movements of vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas ) as estimators of resource size, density, and distribution.   Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 42:123-133. pdf
  13. †Isbell, L.A. & J. Pruetz. 1998. Differences between vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in agonistic interactions between adult females.   International Journal of Primatology 19:837-855.
  14. †Isbell, L.A., J.D. Pruetz, B.M. Nzuma BM, et al. 1999. Comparing measures of travel distances in primates: Methodological considerations and socioecological implications.   American Journal of Primatology 48:87-98. pdf
  15. *Young, T.P. 1999. Restoration ecology and conservation biology. Biological Conservation 92:73-93 pdf
  16. Stanton, M.L., T.M. Palmer, T.P. Young, A. Evans & M.L. Turner. 1999.   Sterilization and canopy modification of a swollen thorn acacia by a plant-ant.   Nature 401:578-580. pdf
  17. †Isbell, L.A., J.D. Pruetz, M. Lewis, & T.P. Young 1999. Rank differences in ecological behavior: a comparative study of patas monkeys and vervets. Internatl J Primatol 20: 257-272. pdf
  18. *Greenwood, A.D., C. Capelli, G. Possnert, & S. Paabo. 1999.   Nuclear DNA sequences from Late Pleistocene megafauna. Molec. Biol. Evol . 16:1466-1473.
  19. Palmer, T.M., T.P. Young & M.L. Stanton. 2000.   Short-term dynamics of an acacia ant community.   Oecologia 123:425-435. pdf
  20. Ezzati, M., B.M. Mbinda & D.M. Kammen. 2000.   Comparison of emissions and residential exposure from traditional and improved cookstoves in Kenya.   Environmental Science and Technology 34:578-583.
  21. Ezzati, M., H. Saleh & D.M. Kammen. 2000. The contributions of emission and spatial microenvironments to exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion in Kenya.   Environmental Health Perspectives 108:833-839.
  22. †Pruetz, J.D. & L.A. Isbell. 2000. Correlations of food distribution and patch size with agonistic interactions in female vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) living in simple habitats. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 49:38-47.
  23. Okello, D.N. & T.P. Young. 2000.   Effects of fire, bruchid beetles and soil type on the germination and seedling establishment of Acacia drepanolobium.   African Journal of Range and Forage Science 17:46-51. pdf
  24. *Roca, A., N. Georgiadis, J. Slattery & S. O'Brien. 2001. Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa. Science 293: 1473-1477.
  25. *Vogel, G. 2001. African elephant species splits in two.   News of the Week. Science 293:1414
  26. Ezzati, M. & D.M. Kammen. 2001.   Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion and acute respiratory infections in Kenya: an exposure-response study.   Lancet 358:619-624.   [See also Lancet 358:1104-1104 (2001)]
  27. Ezzati, M. & D.M. Kammen. 2001. Quantifying the effects of exposure to indoor air pollution from biomass combustion on acute respiratory infections in developing countries. Environ Health Persp 109:481-488.
  28. Frank, L.G. & R. Woodroffe. 2001.   Behavior of carnivores in exploited and controlled populations.   Pp. 419-442 in: Carnivore Conservation: Proc. Symp. Zool. Soc. London.   Ed: D. McDonald, R.K. Wayne & S. Funk.
  29. Khaemba, W.M., A. Stein, D. Rasch, J. De Leeuw & N. Georgiadis. 2001. Empirically simulated study to compare and validate sampling methods used in aerial surveys of wildlife populations.   African Journal of Ecology 39:374-382.
  30. †Garraffo, H.M., Spande, T.F., Jain, P., et al. 2001. Ammonia chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry in structural determination of alkaloids. II. Tetraponerines from pseudomyrmecine ants. Rapid Commun Mass SP 15:1409-1415.
  31. †Carlson, A.A. & Isbell, L.A. 2001. Causes and consequences of single-male and multimale mating in free-ranging patas monkeys, Erythrocebus patas. Animal Behaviour 62:1047-1058.
  32. †Mathy, J. & L.A. Isbell. 2001. The relative importance of size of food and interfood distance in eliciting aggression in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Folia Primatologica 72:268-277.
  33. Gadd, M.E., T.P. Young & T.M. Palmer. 2001. Effects of simulated shoot and leaf herbivory in Acacia drepanolobium. Oikos 92:515-521. pdf
  34. Okello, D.N., T.G. O'Connor & T.P. Young. 2001.Growth, biomass estimates, and charcoal production of Acacia drepanolobium in Laikipia, Kenya.   Forest Ecology and Management 142:143-153. pdf
  35. Metz M.R. & F. Keesing. 2001. Dietary choices of the pouched mouse (Saccostomus mearnsi) in central Kenya. Biotropica 33: 182-187.
  36. Keesing, F. & T. Crawford. 2001.   Impacts of density and large mammals on space use by the pouched mouse (Saccostomus mearnsi) in central Kenya.   Journal of Tropical Ecology 17:465-472.
  37. Stanton, M.L, T.M. Palmer, & T.P. Young. 2002. Tradeoffs between competition and colonization at two stages of colony development within a guild of African acacia-ants.   Ecological Monographs 72:347-363. pdf
  38. *Comstock, K., N. Georgiadis, J. Pecon-Slattery, A. Roca, E. A. Ostrander, S. J. O'Brien & S. K. Wasser. 2002.   Patterns of molecular genetic variation among African elephant populations.   Molecular Ecology 11:2489-2498.
  39. Ward, D. & T.P. Young. 2002.   Effects of large mammalian herbivores and ant symbionts on condensed tannins of Acacia drepanolobium in Kenya.   Journal of Chemical Ecology 28:913-929. pdf
  40. †*Isbell, L.A. & T.P. Young. 2002. Ecological models of female social relationships in primates: similarities, disparities, and some directions for future clarity. Behaviour 139:177-202. pdf
  41. †Enstam KL, Isbell LA & De Maar TW. 2002.   Male demography, female mating behavior, and infanticide in wild patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). International Journal of Primatology 23:85-104.
  42. †Isbell, L.A. & K.L. Enstam. 2002. Predator-(in)sensitive foraging in sympatric vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas): a test of ecological models of group dispersion. In: Eat or Be Eaten: Predation-Sensitive Foraging in Primates (L.E. Miller, ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 154-168.
  43. †Enstam, K.L. & L.A. Isbell.   2002.   Comparison of responses to alarm calls by patas (Erythrocebus patas) and vervet (Cercopithecus aethiops) monkeys in relation to habitat structure.   American Journal of Physical Anthropology 119:3-14.
  44. Wood, W.F., T.M. Palmer & M.L. Stanton. 2002.   A comparison of volatiles in mandibular glands from three Crematogaster ant symbionts of the whistling thorn acacia.   Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 30:217-222.
  45. Palmer, T.M., M.L. Stanton & T.P. Young. 2002. Burning bridges: Priority effects and the persistence of a competitively subordinate acacia-ant in Laikipia, Kenya.   Oecologia 133:372-379. pdf
  46. Juang, P., H. Oki, Y. Wang, M. Martonosi, L.S. Peh & D. Rubenstein. 2002. Energy-efficient computing for wildlife tracking: Design tradeoffs and early experiences with ZebraNet.   ACM SIGPLAN Notices 37:96-107.
  47. Shaw, M.T., F. Keesing, and R.S. Ostfeld. 2002. Herbivory on Acacia seedlings in an East African savanna. Oikos 98:385-392. pdf
  48. *Ezzati, M. & D.M. Kammen. 2002. Household energy, indoor air pollution and health in developing countries: Knowledge base for effective interventions.   Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 27:233-270.
  49. *Ezzati, M. & D.M. Kammen. 2002.   The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: Knowledge, gaps, and data needs.   Environmental Health Perspectives 110:1057-1068.
  50. Ezzati, M. & D.M. Kammen. 2002.   Evaluating the health benefits of transitions in household energy technologies in Kenya.   Energy Policy 30:815-826.
  51. *Vollrath, F. & I. Douglas-Hamilton. 2002.   African bees to control African elephants. Naturwissenschaften 89:508-511.
  52. Frank, L; Simpson, D; Woodroffe, R. 2003. Foot snares: an effective method for capturing African lions. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31:309-314.
  53. †Isbell, L.A., D.L. Cheney, and R.M. Seyfarth. 2002.   Why vervets live in multi-male groups. Pp. 173-188 in The Guenons: Diversity and Adaptation in African Monkeys. (M.E. Glenn and M. Cords, eds.). Kluwer Academic, New York.
  54. †Laurent, P., A. Hamdani, J.-C. Braekman, D. Daloze, L.A. Isbell. J.-C. de Biseau & J.M. Pasteels. 2003.   New 1-alk(en)yl-1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexanes from the Dufour gland of the African ant Crematogaster nigriceps.   Tetrahedron Letters 44:1383-1386.
  55. Miller, S.E., & J.D. Lazell. 2003. A herpetological reconnaissance of Mpala Research Centre, Laikipia, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 90:103-107 ("2001").
  56. Georgiadis, N., M. Hack & K. Turpin. 2003.   The influence of rainfall on zebra population dynamics: implications for management.    Journal of Applied Ecology 40:125-136.
  57. Augustine, D.J. 2003. Long-term, livestock-mediated redistribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in an East African savanna.   Journal of Applied Ecology 40:137-149. Download pdf
  58. *Hahn, N.E., D. Proulx, P.M. Muruthi, S. Alberts & J. Altmann. 2003. Gastrointestinal parasites in free-ranging Kenyan baboons (Papio cynocephalus and P. anubis).   International Journal of Primatology 24: 271-279.
  59. Young, T.P., M.L. Stanton & C. Christian. 2003. Effects of natural and artificial herbivory on spine lengths in Acacia drepanolobium.   Oikos 101:171-179. pdf
  60. Bailis R., M. Ezzati, & D.M. Kammen. 2003.   Greenhouse gas implications of household energy technology in Kenya. Environ Sci Technol 37:2051-2059.
  61. Palmer, T.M. 2003. Spatial habitat heterogeneity influences competition and coexistence in an African acacia ant guild.   Ecology 84:2843-2855.
  62. Palmer, T.M, M.L. Stanton, & T.P. Young. 2003. Competition and coexistence: exploring mechanisms that restrict   and maintain diversity within mutualist guilds.   American Naturalist 72:347-363. pdf
  63. Augustine, D.J. 2003. Spatial heterogeneity in the herbaceous layer of a semi-arid savanna ecosystem. Plant Ecology 167:319-332. Download pdf
  64. *Stone, G.N., N.E. Raine, P. Prescott & P.G. Willmer. 2003. The pollination ecology of Acacia. Australian Systematic Botany 16:103-118.
  65. Augustine, D.J., S.J. McNaughton & D.A. Frank. 2003.  Feedbacks between soil nutrients and large herbivores in a managed savanna ecosystem. Ecological Applications 13:1325-1337. Download pdf
  66. Ezenwa, V.O. 2003. Habitat overlap and gastrointestinal parasitism in African bovids. Parasitology 126: 379-388.
  67. Ogada, M.O., R. Woodroffe, N.O. Oguge & L. Frank. 2003.   Limiting depredation by African carnivores: the role of livestock husbandry.   Conservation Biology 17:1521-1530.
  68. Ezenwa, V.O. 2003. The effects of time of day on the prevalence of coccidian oocysts in antelope faecal samples. African Journal of Ecology 41: 192-193.
  69. *Co, J.E., T.H. Jones, A. Hefetz, A. Tinaut & R.R. Snelling. 2003.   The comparative exocrine chemistry of nine Old World species of Messor (Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Biochemical System. & Ecology 31:367-373.
  70. *Jones, T.H., V.E. Zottig, H.G. Robertson & R.R. Snelling. 2003.   The venom alkaloids from some African Monomorium species. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29:2721-2727.
  71. Augustine, D.J. & S.J. McNaughton. 2004.   Regulation of shrub dynamics by native browsing ungulates on East African rangeland.   Journal of Applied Ecology 41:45-58. Download pdf
  72. Huntzinger, P.M., R. Karban, T.P. Young & T.M. Palmer. 2004.   Relaxation of induced indirect defenses of acacias following removal of mammalian herbivores.   Ecology 85:609-614. pdf
  73. †*Isbell, L.A. 2004.   Is there no place like home?   Ecological bases of dispersal in primates and their consequences for the formation of kin groups.   Pp. 71-108 in Kinship and Behavior in Primates (B. Chapais and C. Berman, eds.). Oxford University Press.
  74. Liu, T., C.M. Sadler, P. Zhang and M. Martonosi. 2004.   Implementing Software on Resource-Constrained Mobile Sensors: Experiences with Impala and ZebraNet. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services : 256-269.
  75. *Downie, D.A. and P.J. Gullan. 2004.   Phylogenetic analysis of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) based on DNA sequences from three nuclear genes, and a review of the higher classification. Systematic Entomology 29:238-
  76. Sankaran, M. & D. Augustine. 2004.   Large herbivores suppress decomposer abundance in a semi-arid grazing ecosystem.   Ecology 85:1052-1061. Download pdf
  77. Ezenwa, V.O. 2004.   Parasite infection rates of impala (Aepyceros melampus) in fenced game reserves in relation to reserve characteristics.   Biological Conservation 118:397-401 .
  78. Ezenwa, V.O. 2004.   Selective defecation and selective foraging: antiparasite behavior in wild ungulates? Ethology 110:851-862. pdf
  79. Ezenwa, V.O. 2004. Interactions among host diet, nutritional status and gastrointestinal parasite infection in wild bovids. International Journal of Parasitology 34, 535-542.
  80. Goheen J.R., F. Keesing, B.F. Allan, et al. 2004.   Net effects of large mammals on Acacia seedling survival in an African savanna.   Ecology 85:1555-1561.   pdf
  81. Ezenwa, V.O. 2004 Host social behavior and parasitic infection: a multifactorial approach. Behavioural Ecolology 15: 446-454.
  82. Palmer, T.M. 2004.   Wars of attrition: colony size determines competitive outcomes in a guild of African acacia-ants.   Animal Behavior 68:993-1004. pdf
  83. *Young, T.P. 2004. Fire-induced reproduction of Festuca pilgeri in the subalpine zone of Mount Kenya.   African Journal of Ecology 42:235-236. pdf
  84. Warui, C.M., M.H. Villet, & T.P. Young. 2004. Spiders (Araneae) from black cotton soils of a highland savanna in Laikipia, central Kenya.   Journal of Afrotropical Zoology 1:9-20. pdf
  85. Augustine, D.J. & S.J. McNaughton. 2004.   Temporal asynchrony in soil nutrient dynamics and plant production in a semiarid ecosystem. Ecosystems 7 (8): 829-840. Download pdf
  86. Augustine, D.J. 2004.   Influence of cattle management on habitat selection by impala on central Kenyan rangeland.   Journal of Wildlife Management 68: 916-923. Download pdf
  87. Young, T.P., T.M. Palmer & M.E. Gadd. 2005. Response of zebras to the local exclusion of cattle and elephants in a semi-arid range land in Laikipia, Kenya. Biological Conservation 122:351-359. pdf
  88. *Bailis, R., M. Ezzati & D.M. Kammen. 2005. Mortality and greenhouse gas impacts of biomass and petroleum energy futures in Africa. Science 308: 98-103.
  89. Gadd, M.E. 2005. Conservation outside of parks: attitudes of local people in Laikipia, Kenya. Environmental Conservation 32:50-63. pdf
  90. Woodroffe R., P.A. Lindsey, S.S. Romanach, A. Stein & S.M.K. ole Ranah. 2005. Livestock predation by endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in northern Kenya. Biological Conservation 124:225-234.
  91. Woodroffe, R. & L. G. Frank. 2005. Lethal control of African lions (Panthera leo): local and regional population impacts. Environmental Conservation 8:91-98.
  92. Frank, LG; Woodroffe, R; Ogada, MO. 2005. People and predators in Laikipia District, Kenya. People and Wildlife: Conflict or Co-existence? 9:286-304.
  93. Otero-Arnaiz, A., A. Schnabel, T.C. Glenn, N.A. Schable, C. Hagen, & L. Ndong. 2005.   Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the East African tree, Acacia brevispica (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae).   Molecular Ecology Notes 5:366-368.
  94. Zavala, M.A & R.M. Holdo. 2005.   Delayed effects of fire on habitat use by large herbivores in Acacia drepanolobium savanna.  African Journal of Ecology 42:155-157.
  95. *Muoria, P.K., P. Muruthi, D. Rubenstein, N.O. Oguge & E. Munene. 2005.   Cross-sectional survey of gastro-intestinal parasites of Grevy's zebras in southern Samburu, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 43:392-395.
  96. Warui, C.M., M.H. Villet, T.P. Young & R. Jocque. 2005. Influence of grazing by large mammals on the spider community of a Kenyan savanna biome. Journal of Arachnology 33:269-279. Download pdf
  97. Stanton, M.L., T.M. Palmer, & T.P. Young.  2005. Ecological barriers to early colony establishment in three coexisting acacia-ant species in Kenya.  Insectes Sociaux 53:393-401 . pdf
  98. Quicke, D.L.J. & M.L. Stanton. 2005.   Trigastrotheca laikipiensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): a new species of brood parasitic wasp that attacks foundress queens of three coexisting acacia-ant species in Kenya. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 14:182-190.  
  99. *Roca, A.L., N. Georgiadis & S.J. O'Brien. 2005. Cytonuclear genomic dissociation in African elephant species.   Nature Genetics 37:96-100.
  100. Mcrae, S.B., S.T. Emlen, D.R. Rubenstein & S.M. Bogdanowicz. 2005. Polymorphic microsatellite loci in a plural breeder, the grey-capped social weaver ( Pseudonigrita arnaudi ), isolated with an improved enrichment protocol using fragment size-selection. Molecular Ecology Notes 5:16-20.
  101. *Douglas-Hamilton, T. Krink & F. Vollrath.   2005.   Movements and corridors of African elephants in relation to protected areas. Naturwissenschaften 92:158-163.
  102. *Young, T.P. 2006.  Declining rural economies and the future of biodiversity: missing the forest for the trees?  Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy 9:319-334. Download pdf
  103. Lovette IJ, Rubenstein DR, Watetu WN. 2006. Provisioning of fledgling conspecifics by males of the brood-parasitic cuckoos Chrysococcyx klaas and C. caprius. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 118:99-101.
  104. O'Reilly L, Ogada D, Palmer TM, et al. 2006. Effects of fire on bird diversity and abundance in an East African savanna. African Journal of Ecology 44:165-170.
  105. Wood, W.F., T.M. Palmer & M.L.Stanton. 2006.  Volatiles in the mandibular gland of Tetraponera penzigi: A plant ant of the whistling thorn acacia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 34:536-538.
  106. †*Isbell, L.A. 2006. Snakes as agents of evolutionary change in primate brains. Journal of Human Evolution 51:1-35.
  107. McCauley, D.J., F. Keesing, T.P. Young, B.F. Allan & R.M. Pringle. 2006.  Indirect effects of large herbivores on snakes in an African savanna.  Ecology 87:2657-2663. Download pdf
  108. Augustine, D.J & S.J. McNaughton. 2006.  Interactive effects of ungulate herbivores, soil fertility, and variable rainfall on ecosystem processes in a semi-arid savanna. Ecosystems 9:1242-1256.
  109. Goheen, J.R., T.P. Young, F. Keesing & T.M. Palmer. 2007  Consequences of herbivory by native ungulates for reproduction of a savanna tree. Journal of Ecology 95:129-138. Download pdf
  110. Pringle, R.M., T.P. Young, D.I. Rubenstein & D.J. McCauley.  2007. Primary productivity and the strength of herbivore-initiated interaction cascades. PNAS 104:193-97. Download pdf
  111. Odadi, W., T.P. Young, & J. Okeyo-Owuor. 2007.  The effects of wild herbivores on cattle diet in Laikipia rangeland, Kenya.  Rangeland Ecology and Management 60:179-185. Download pdf
  112. Woodroffe, R., P.A. Lindsey, S.S. Romanach, & S.M.K.O. Ranah. 2007.  African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) can subsist on small prey: Implications for conservation.  Journal of Mammalogy 88:181-193.
  113. Young, T.P. and D.J. Augustine. 2007. Intraspecific variation in the effects of large mammalian herbivores on reproduction in Acacia species in Laikipia, Kenya.  Biotropica 39:559-561. Download pdf
  114. Romanach, S.S., P.A. Lindsey & R. Woodroffe. 2007. Determinants of attitudes towards predators in central Kenya and suggestions for increasing tolerance in livestock dominated landscapes. Oryx 41:185-195.
  115. Woodroffe, R., L.G. Frank, P.A. Lindsey, S.M.K. ole Ranah, & S. Romanach. 2007. Livestock husbandry as a tool for carnivore conservation in Africa’s community rangelands: a case control study. Biodiversity and Conservation 16:1245-1260.
  116. Georgiadis, N.J., J.G.N. Olwero, G. Ojwang, & S.S. Romanach. 2007. Savanna herbivore dynamics in a livestock-dominated landscape: I. Dependence on land use, rainfall, density, and time. Biological Conservation 137:461-472. Download pdf
  117. Georgiadis, N.J., F. Ihwagi, J.G.N. Olwero & S.S. Romanach. 2007. Savanna herbivore dynamics in a livestock-dominated landscape. II: Ecological, conservation, and management implications of predator restoration. Biological Conservation 137:473-483. Download pdf
  118. Fischhoff, I.R., S.R. Sundaresan, J. & R. Rubenstein. 2007.  Habitat use and movements of plains zebra (Equus burchelli) in response to predation in danger from lions. Behavioral Ecology 18:725-729.
  119. Fischhoff IR, Sundaresan SR, Cordingley J, & D.I. Rubenstein. 2007. Social relationships and reproductive state influence leadership roles in movements of plains zebra, Equus burchelli. Animal Behaviour 73: 825-831.
  120. Sundaresan SR, Fischhoff IR, Dushoff J, & D.I. Rubenstein. 2007. Network metrics reveal differences in social organization between two fission-fusion species, Grevy's zebra and onager. Oecologia 151:140-149.
  121. Isbell, L.A. & J. Chism. Distribution and abundance of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Laikipia, Kenya, 1979-2004. American Journal of Primatology 69:223-1235. Download pdf
  122. Riginos, C. & T.P. Young. 2007. Effects of grasses and wild and domestic herbivores on Acacia saplings in an East African savanna. Oecologia 153:985-995. Download pdf
  123. †Isbell, L.A. and T. P. Young. 2007. Interspecific and temporal variation in domatia contents of the ant-plant Acacia drepanolobium, a staple food for patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Laikipia, Kenya.  American Journal of Primatology 69:1387-1398. Download pdf
  124. Sundaresan SR, Fischhoff IR, Rubenstein DI. 2007. Male harassment influences female movements and associations in Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi). Behavioral Ecology 18:860-865.
  125. Rubenstein, D.R. 2007. Territory quality drives intraspecific patterns of extrapair paternity. Behavioral Ecology 18:1058-1064.
  126. Pont, C. & K.C.R. Balcock. 2007. Two new species of Muscidae (Diptera) from Kenya, associated with flowers of Acacia species (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) and Balanites species (Balanitaceae) . Journal of East African Natural History 96:83-94.
  127. Rubenstein, DR 2007. Female extrapair mate choice in a cooperative breeder: trading sex for help and increasing offspring heterozygosity. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 274:1895-1903.
  128. Rubenstein, DR 2007. Stress hormones and sociality: integrating social and environmental stressors. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 274:967-975.
  129. Rubenstein, DR. 2007. Natural history miscellany - Temporal but not spatial environmental variation drives adaptive offspring sex allocation in a plural cooperative breeder. American Naturalist 170 :155-16
  130. †Enstam, K.L. 2007. Effects of habitat structure on perceived risk of predation and anti-predator behavior in vervet (Cercopithecus aethiops) and patas (Erythrocebus patas) monkeys. Pp. 308-338 in: Primate Anti-Predator Strategies. (S. Gursky and K.A.I. Nekaris, eds.). Springer, New York.
  131. †Enstam, K.L. and Isbell, L.A. 2007. The guenons (genus Cercopithecus) and their allies: Behavioral ecology of polyspecific associations. Pp. 252-274 in: Primates in Perspective (C.J. Campbell, A. Fuentes, K.C. Mackinnon, M.A. Panger, and S.K. Bearder, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  132. Palmer, T. M. and A. K. Brody. 2008. Mutualism as reciprocal exploitation: African plant-ants defend foliar but not reproductive structures. Ecology 88:3004-3011.
  133. Palmer, T.M., M.L. Stanton, T.P. Young, J.R. Goheen, R.M Pringle and R Karban. 2008. Breakdown of an ant-plant mutualism following the loss of large herbivores from an African savanna.  Science 319:192-195. Download pdf
  134. Pringle, R.M. 2008. Elephants as agents of habitat creation for small vertebrates at the patch scale. Ecology 89:26-33. Download pdf
  135. Romanach, S.S. & P.A. Lindsey. 2008. Conservation implications of prey responses to wild dogs Lycaon pictus during the denning season on wildlife ranches.  Animal Conservation 11:111-117.
  136. Veblen, K.E. 2008. Season- and herbivore-dependent competition and facilitation in a semi-arid savanna. Ecology89:1532-1540.
  137. Ogada, D., M.E. Gadd, R.S. Ostfeld, T.P. Young and F. Keesing. 2008. Impacts of large herbivores on bird diversity and abundance in an African savanna.  Oecologia156:387-397.
  138. Off, E.C., L.A. Isbell & T.P. Young. 2008. Population density and habitat preferences of the Kenya Lesser Galago (Galago senegalensis braccatus) along the Ewaso Nyiro River, Laikipia, Kenya.  Journal East African Natural History 97:109-116.
  139. Okello, B.D., T.P. Young, C. Riginos, D. Kelly & T. O'Connor. 2008. Short-term survival and long-term mortality of Acacia drepanolobium after a controlled burn in Laikipia, Kenya.  African Journal of Ecology 46:395-401. Download pdf
  140. Riginos, C. and J.B. Grace. 2008. Tree density affects wild ungulate habitat use and herbaceous community characteristics in a Kenyan savanna. Ecology, 89:2228-2238.
  141. Sundaresan, S.R., I.R. Fischhoff, H.M. Hartung, P. Akilong & D.I. Rubenstein. 2008. Habitat choice of Grevy’s zebras (Equus grevyi) in Laikipia, Kenya. African Journal  of Ecology 46:359-364.
  142. Lea AJ, Barrera JP, Tom LM, Blumstein DT. 2008. Heterospecific eavesdropping in a nonsocial species. Behavioral Ecology 19:1041-1046.
  143. *Dominy, N., et al. 2008. Mechanical properties of plant underground storage organs ands implications for dietary models of early hominims.  Evolutionary Biology 35:159-175.
  144. Pringle, R.M. & K. Fox-Dobbs. 2008. Coupling of canopy and understory food webs by ground-dwelling predators. Ecology Letters 11:1328–1337.
  145. McCauley, D.J., F. Keesing, T.P. Young & K.Dittmar. 2008. Effects of the removal of large herbivores on fleas of small mammals. Journal of Vector Ecology 33:263-268. Download pdf
  146. Shorrocks, B., B. Cristescu, & S. Magane. 2008. Estimating density of Kirk's dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii Gunther), impala (Aepyceros melampus Lichtenstein) and common zebra (Equus burchelli Gray) at Mpala, Laikipia District, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 46: 612-619.
  147. Odadi, W.O., T.P. Young, & J.B. Okeyo-Owuor. 2009. The effects of wild herbivores on cattle intake and movement rates in Laikipia rangeland, Kenya. Journal of Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 116:120-125. Download pdf
  148. Pont, A.C. and K.C.R. Baldock. 2007. Two new species of Muscidae (Diptera) from Kenya, associated with flowers of acacia species (Fabaceae Mimosoideae) and Balanites species (Balanitaceae). Journal of East African Natural History 96:83–93
  149. Riginos, C. Grass competition suppresses Acacia growth across multiple demographic stages.  Ecology, in press.
  150. †Isbell, L.A. T.P. Young, K.E. Jaffe, A.A. Carlson, & R.L. Chancellor. Demography and life history of sympatric patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) and vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops) in Laikipia, Kenya. International Journal of Primatology, in press.
  151. †*Isbell, L.A. in press. Species profile: Patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). To appear in The Mammals of Africa, Vol. I. Primates (J. Kingdon, D. Happold, and T. Butynski, eds.). Academic Press.
  152. †*Isbell, L.A. & K.L. Enstam, in press. Species profile: Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). To appear in The Mammals of Africa, Vol. I. Primates (J. Kingdon, D. Happold, and T. Butynski, eds.). Academic Press.
  153. †*Palombit. R.A.  in press.  The olive baboon (Papio anubis). To appear in: Mammals of Africa, Vol. I. Primates. (J. Kingdon, D. Happold, & T. Butynski, eds). Academic Press.
  154.   †*Palombit, R.A.  Olive baboon (Papio anubis).  To appear in: All the World's Primates (N. Rowe, ed).  Charlestown, Rhode Island.  Pogonias Press.

     

 

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Books:

    *McClanahan, T.R. & T.P. Young (eds.). 1996.   East African Ecosystems and their Conservation .   Oxford University Press, New York.

    *Woodroffe, R., S. Thirgood, & A. Rabinowitz (eds.). 2005. People and Wildlife: Conflict or Co-existence? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

 

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Abstracts and conference proceedings:

    Jellison, P.A. & A.K. Johnston 1994.   Landscape evolution in a savanna ecosystem: soils and drainage development at Mpala Ranch, Kenya (a poster presentation at the 1994 meeting of the Geological Society of America). http://www.nasm.si.edu/ceps/research/savanna/savanna.html

    Young, T.P.   1998.   Ants on swollen-thorn acacias: species co-existence in a simple system", 1996 ESA Annual Meeting, Providence, Rhode Island, 13 August 1996.

    Ward, D. & T.P. Young. 1998.   Effects of ants and mammalian herbivores on condensed tannins in Acacia drepanolobium. 1998 Gordon Conference, Ventura, California, 23 February 1998.

    Metz, M.R., F. Keesing, & R.S. Ostfeld. 1998.   Diet and possible ecological impacts of the pouched mouse, Saccostomys mearnsi, in central Kenya.   American Society of Mammalogists Annual Meeting, June 1998, Blacksburg, VA.

    Keesing, F. 1998.   Herbivory by African small mammals and its consequences for savanna vegetation.   American Society of Mammalogists Annual Meeting, June 1998, Blacksburg, VA.

    Keesing, F. 1998.   Ecological intereactions between ungulates and small mammals in a tropical savanna of central Kenya.   Euro-American Mammal Congress, July 1998, Santiago de Campostela, Spain.

    + Pruetz JD, Isbell LA. 1999.   What makes a food contestable? Food properties and contest competition in vervets and patas monkeys in Laikipia, Kenya. Am J Phys Anthropol : 225-226 Suppl. 28 1999

    Stanton, M.L., J.L. Hayes,   K. Halbrook, & M.L. Turner. 1999.   Use of swollen thorns by ants on an East African acacia.  Poster Presentation for 1999 Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, December 1999.

    Ezzati, M., D. M. Kammen, & B. H. Singer. 1999. The Health Impacts of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution from Biofuel Stoves in Rural Kenya. The Proceedings of Indoor Air 99: the 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate; Edinburgh, Scotland, August 1999, 3, 130-135

    Kammen, D. M., M. Ezzati, & B. M. Mbinda. 1999. The Determinants of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution from Biofuel Stoves in Rural Kenya. The Proceedings of Indoor Air 99: the 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate; Edinburgh, Scotland, August 1999, 3, 171-176.

    Ezzati, M. & D.M. Kammen. 2002. Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion as a risk factor for acute respiratory infections in Kenya. The Proceedings of Indoor Air 2002: the 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate; Monterey, CA, July 2002, 4: 970-975

    Bailis, R., M. Ezzati & D.M. Kammen. 2002. An estimate of greenhouse gas emissions from common Kenyan cookstoves under conditions of actual use. The Proceedings of Indoor Air 2002: the 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate; Monterey, CA, July 2002, 2: 225-230.

    Goheen, J.R., F. Keesing, B.F. Allan, D. Ogada, R.S. Ostfeld & T.P. Young. 2004. Contrasting the effects of native versus exotic grazers in an East African savanna: establishment of the whistling thorn tree (Acacia drepanolobium). 2004 STAR Fellowship Conference

 

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Notes and reports, general distribution:

    *Young, T.P. 1993.   Development and conservation: more on Caring.   Conservation Biology 7: 750-751 (correspondence).

    *Young, T.P. 1994.   Biodiversity issues.   Science 265: 1151 (correspondence).

    *Young. T.P. 1994.   Essentials of Conservation Biology , by Richard Primack.   Quarterly Review of Biology 69: 118-119 (book review).

    *Young, T.P. & A.H. Harcourt. 1997.   Viva Caughley!   Conservation Biology 11:831-832 (correspondence).

    Lyons, E.E. 2000.   Biodiversity studies at Mpala Research Centre: Impacts of ants on growth and reproduction of Acacia drepanolobium.   Pg. 167 in: A. Ng'eny-Mengech, ed. 1998-1999 ICIPE Annual Scientific Report.   International Centre for Insects Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi.

    Miller, S.E. 2000.   Biodiversity studies at Mpala Research Centre: Inventory of moths (Lepidoptera).   Pp. 166-167 in: A. Ng'eny-Mengech, ed. 1998-1999 ICIPE Annual Scientific Report.   International Centre for Insects Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi.

    Snelling R.R. 2000.   Biodiversity studies at Mpala Research Centre: Inventory of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).   Pg. 167 in: A. Ng'eny-Mengech, ed. 1998-1999 ICIPE Annual Scientific Report.   International Centre for Insects Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi.

    Young, T.P. 2003.   KLEE: the Kenya Long-term Exclosure Experiment ("KLEE Corner" #1). Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter.    March/April Issue.

    Young, T.P. 2003.   Rodents take advantage of the absence of large mammals ("KLEE Corner" #2) . Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter.   November Issue

    Young, T.P. 2004. Plants fight back. ("KLEE Corner" #3) . Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter.   May Issue.

    Young, T.P. 2004. Do elephants lessen competition between cattle and zebras? ("KLEE Corner" #4) . Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter.   November Issue.

    Young, T.P. 2005. The pathology of no herbivory: long-term effects of herbivore exclusion in an African savanna. ("KLEE Corner" #5) . Laikipia Wildlife Forum Newsletter.   March/April Issue.

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Reports, limited distribution
(there are more of these, including MRC Annual Reports)

    Hobson, D. 1988.   Wildlife survey of Mpala Farm.   Typescript, 34 pp.   (Ms mentions photos, perhaps in the possession of Mpala Trust.)

    Young, T.P. & A.P. Smith.   1989. Report on Mpala Farm as a possible research centre.   Typescript.

    Small, G.L. 1993 (updated 1994).   A Guide to Mpala Ranch and the Mpala Research Center.   Typescript, 25 pp.

    Georgiadis, N.J. 1996. Laikipia total wildlife count report. Unpublished report.

    Georgiadis, N.J. & Ojwang', G. 1997 a, b, 1999, 2001. Laikipia sample survey report. Unpublished reports.

    Young, T.P. 1997.   Key to the trees and shrubs of Laikipia.   Typescript.

    Young, T.P. & L.A. Isbell. 1997.   Vegetative key to the trees and shrubs of Mpala/Segera.   Typescript.

    Lynch, R., C. Tait & D. Niven.   1997.   Checklist of birds of Mpala.   Mpala Research Centre.

    Paton, S. & M.O. Ogada.   2000.   Meteorological and hydrological summary for Mpala Research Centre.

    Georgiadis, N. J. & J.G.N. Olwero. 2002. Estimating wildlife numbers within management subunits from sample survey data. Unpublished report.

    Ojwang', G. & N.J. Georgiadis. 2002. Software for analysis of systematic sample surveys of the Ewaso Ecosystem: Users Manual. Unpublished report.

    Thouless, C., N.J. Georgiadis & J.G.N. Olwero. 2002. A wildlife fencing strategy for Laikipia. Unpublished report.

    Georgiadis, N.J., J.G.N. Olwero & G. Ojwang'. 2003. Laikipia sample survey report.

    Georgiadis, N.J. & J.G.N. Olwero. 2003. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index: A substitute for rainfall in models describing consumer dynamics. Unpublished report.

    Georgiadis, N.J., J.G.N. Olwero & G. Ojwang'. 2003. Laikipia sample survey report.

    Georgiadis, N.J. & J.G.N. Olwero. 2003. EIRS: The Ewaso Incident Reporting System. Unpublished report.

    Young, T.P., S. Talbot & S. Wamiti. 2003.   Checklist of the birds of Mpala/Segera.

 

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Dissertations

    Muruthi, Philip M. 1997. Socioecological correlates of parental care and demography in savanna baboons. PhD. Diss. Princeton University, 184 pp.

    Keesing, Felicia L. 1997.   Ecological interactions between small mammals, large mammals, and vegetation in a tropical savanna of central Kenya.   Ph.D. Diss., University of California at Berkeley.

    *Wambuguh, Oscar   1998. Local communities and wildlife: A spatial analysis of human-wildlife interactions in Laikipia District, Kenya., PhD. Diss. University of California, Berkeley. 355 pp. Advisor: Barrett, Reginald H.

    +Pruetz, Jill D. 1999. Socioecology of adult female vervet (Cercopithecus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Kenya: food availability, feeding competition, and dominance relationships. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

    +Carlson, Anne A. 2000. Social relationships and mating partners of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Laikipia, Kenya.   PhD. Diss. University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2000, 127 pp. Advisor: Snowdon, Charles T.

    Ezzati, Majid. 2000. Energy technology, indoor air pollution, and respiratory infections in developing countries.   A field study from Kenya.   Ph.D. Diss., Princeton University.

    Mugo, John Kagori. 2000.   Biological nitrogen fixation in Acacia drepanolobium. MSc Diss., Department of Botany, University of Nairobi.

    *Ojwang', Gordon. 2000. On sampling variability of wildlife cropping-quota allocated on the basis of airborne sample surveys.   M.Sc. Diss. ITC, Wageningen, Netherlands.

    Masarelli, Darcy 2001.   Effects of large mammal herbivores on the bird community of an East African savanna.   Masters Diss., SUNY Albany.

    Ogada, Mordecai O. 2001.   Effects of livestock husbandry practices on livestock depredation by large carnivores in Laikipia District, Kenya.   M.Sc. Dissertation, Kenyatta University.

    Palmer, Todd M. 2001. Factors influencing species coexistence in a guild of African acacia ants.   Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Davis.

    +Enstam, Karin L. 2002.   Behavioral ecology of perceived risk of predation in sympatric patas (Erythrocebus patas) and vervet (Cercopithecus aethiops) monkeys in Laikipia, Kenya. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Davis.

    Augustine, David J. 2002.   Large herbivores and process dynamics in a managed savanna ecosystem.   Ph.D. dissertation, Syracuse University.

    Ezenwa, Vanessa O. 2002.   Behavioral and nutritional ecology of gastrointestinal parasitism in African bovids., PhD. Princeton University, 161 pp.

    Takata, Steve. 2002.   Behavior and natural history of the blacktipped mongoose, Herpestes sanguineus, in Central Kenya.   Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley, 251 pp.

    Gadd, Michelle E. 2003. Ecology and conservation of elephants in African rangelands . Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Davis.

    Odadi, Wilfred. 2003.   Cattle foraging behaviour: the influence of large mammalian herbivory in an acacia savanna, Laikipia, Kenya.   MSc Diss., Moi University.

    Okello, Bell N. in revision. Effects of herbivores, fire and harvesting on the population dynamics of Acacia drepanolobium Sjoestedt in Laikipia, Kenya .   Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Natal, South Africa.

    Otieno, Silvanos. 2005.   Standing biomass, productivity, and utilization in a savanna grassland.   M.Sc. Dissertation. University of Nairobi.

    Warui, Charles M. 2005.   Impacts of wildlife and cattle grazing on spider (Aranae) biodiversity in a highland savanna ecosystem, in Laikipia, Kenya.  Ph.D. Dissertation. Rhodes University.

    Huntzinger, P.M. 2005. How do distantly related herbivores that share food resources interact?  Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Davis.

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Popular Articles

    Stewart, D. 1996   Creatures wild and wonderful thrive at a living lab in Kenya.   Smithsonian 1996 (May): 101-113.

    Hack, M.A. & D.I. Rubenstein. 1998. Zebra zones.   Natural History March, pp. 27-31.

    Stanton, M.L. & T.P. Young. 1999.   Ant defenders and pretenders.   Natural History November, pp. 28-31.

    Keesing, F. 2000. Cryptic consumers and the ecology of an African savanna.   BioScience 50:205-215. pdf

    Cathy Booth Thomas and Simon Robinson. 2004. Nowhere to roam: wildlife reserves alone cannot protect big cats.   Time magazine, August 23 2004: 44-53.

    James Warwick.   200x.   Wildlife on a Kenyan ranch.   Msafiri 83:86-89. [El Karama]

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Other Laikipia ecology/behavior research, not at Mpala/Segera

  (peer-reviewed papers only)

    Ol Ari Nyiro:

    Horne, J.F.M. & L.L. Short. 1990.   Wax-eating by African common bulbuls.   Wilson Bulletin 102:339-341.

    Young, T.P. & C. Francombe.   1991. Growth and yield estimates in natural stands of leleshwa (Tarconanthus camphoratus).   Forest Ecology and Management 42:309-321

    Ghebremeskel, K., G. Williams, R.A. Brett, R. Burek & L.S. Harbige. 1991. Nutrient composition of plants most favored by black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in the wild.   Comp Biochem Phys A 98:529-534.

    Grootenhuis, J.G. & R.O. Olubayo. 1993.   Disease research in the wildlife-livestock interface in Kenya. Vet Quart 15:55-59.

    Oloo, T.W., R. Brett   & T.P. Young.   1994. Seasonal variation in the feeding ecology of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in Laikipia, Kenya.   African Journal of Ecology 32:142-157.

    Mwasya, J.M., T.P. Young & D.N. Okebiro. 1994. Vegetation map and plant check-list of Ol Ari Nyiro Ranch and the Mukutan Gorge, Laikipia, Kenya.   Journal of East African Natural History 83:143-198.

    Newton, L.E. 1994. Four new species of Aloe in Kenya.   British Cactus and Succulents Journal 12:50-56.

    Kennedy, A.D. 1998. Coppicing of Tarconanthus camphoratus (Compositae) as a source of sustainable fuelwood production: an example from the Laikipia Plateau, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 36:148-158.

    *Short, L. & J. Horne.   2001.   Toucans, Barbets, and Honeyguides - Ramphastidae, Capitonidae and Indicatoridae.   630 pp.   Oxford University Press.

    Northern Laikipia/Samburu elephants:

    Thouless, C.R. 1994.   Conflict between humans and elephants on private land in northern Kenya.   Oryx 28:119-127.

    Thouless, C.R. 1995.   Long distance movements of elephants in northern Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 33:321-334.

    Thouless, C.R. & J. Sakwa. 1995. Shocking elephants - fences and crop raiders in Laikipia District, Kenya. Biological Conservation 72: 99-107.

    Thouless. C.R. 1996.   Home ranges and social organization of female elephants in northern Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 34: 284-297.

    Wittemyer, G. 2001. The elephant population of Samburu and Buffalo Springs National Reserves.   African Journal of Ecology 39:357-365.

    Rasmussen, L.E.L. & Wittemyer, G. 2002. Chemosignaling of musth by individual wild African elephants, ( Loxodonta africana ): implications for conservation and management. Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 269:853-860.

    Omondi, E. Bitok, O. Kahindi and R. Mayienda. 2002.  Total Aerial Count of Elephants in Samburu/Laikipia. Kenya Wildlife Service Report, Nairobi, Kenya (2002).

    Wittemyer, D.K. Daballen, H.B.R. Rasmussen, O. Kahindi and I. Douglas-Hamilton. 2005.  The demographic status of the Samburu elephant population.   African Journal of Ecology 43:44-47.

    Wittemyer G, Douglas-Hamilton I, Getz WM. 2005.   The socioecology of elephants: analysis of the processes creating multitiered social structures.   Animal Behaviour 69:1357-1371.

    Okello JBA, Wittemyer G, Rasmussen HB, Douglas-Hamilton I, Nyakaana S, Arctander P, Siegismund HR. 2005.   Noninvasive genotyping and Mendelian analysis of microsatellites in African savannah elephants.  Journal of Heredity 96:679-687.

    Rasmussen, H.B., O. Kahindi, F. Vollrath & I. Douglas-Hamilton. 2005.   Estimating elephant densities from wells and droppings in dried out riverbeds.   African Journal of Ecology 43:312-319.

    Cerling, T.E., G. Wittemyer, H.B. Rasmussen, F. Vollrath, C.E. Cerling, T.J. Robinson and I. Douglas-Hamilton. 2006.   Stable isotopes in elephant hair document migration patterns and diet changes. PNAS 103:371-373.

    Rasmussen, H. B., Wittemyer, G., & Douglas-Hamilton, I. 2005.   Estimating age of immobilized elephants from teeth impressions using dental silicon. African Journal of Ecology 43:215-219.

    Rasmussen, H. B., Wittemyer, G., & Douglas-Hamilton, I. 2006. Predicting time specific changes in demographic processes using remote sensing data. Journal of Applied Ecology, in press .

    Sweetwaters:

    Tatman, S.C., B. Stevens-Wood, V.B.T. Smith. 2000. Ranging behaviour and habitat usage in black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis, in a Kenyan sanctuary. African Journal of Ecology 38:163-172.

    Birkett, A. 2002.   The impact of giraffe, rhino and elephant on the habitat of a black rhino sanctuary in Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 40:276-282.

    Birkett A, Stevens-Wood B. 2005.  Effect of low rainfall and browsing by large herbivores on an enclosed savannah habitat in Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 43:123-130.

    Rice MB, Jones M. 2006.  Characteristics of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) bedding sites.  African Journal of Ecology 44:452-457.

    Simiyu, T.W., G.A. Olukoye, J.W. Wakhungu & W.N. Wamicha. 2007.  Productivity indexing of wild herbivores on Lewa Wildlife Conservancy and Ol Pejeta Ranch in northern Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 45:416-422.

    See also Fischhoff et al. 2007 in Mpala articles.

    Lewa Conservancy (& “Southern Samburu”):

    Muoria, P.K., P, Muruthi, W.K. Kariuki, B.A. Hassan, D. Mijele, & N.O. Oguge. 2007. Anthrax outbreak among Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi) in Samburu, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 45:483–489.

    See also Simiyu et al. 2007 in Sweetwaters articles.

    Loldaiga:

    Mizutani, F.. & P.A. Jewell. 1998.   Home-range and movements of leopards (Panthera pardus) on a livestock ranch in Kenya.   Journal of Zoology 244: 269-286.

    Mizutani, F. 1999. Impact of leopards on a working ranch in Laikipia, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 37: 211-225. [See also a correction at 37: 475-475]

    Mizutani, F. 1999.   Biomass density of wild and domestic herbivores and carrying capacity on a working ranch in Laikipia District, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 37:226-240.

    Mutara:

    Chism, Janice B. 1980. A comparison of development and mother-infant relations in patas and talapoin monkeys, Ph.D. Diss., University of California, Berkeley.

    Chism, J. & D.K. Olson. 1982.   Patterns of habitat use by patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Kenya. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 57:176-176

    Chism J., D.K. Olson & T.E. Rowell. 1983.   Diurnal births and perinatal behavior among wild patas monkeys - evidence of an adaptive pattern.   International Journal of Primatology 4:67-184.

    Olson D.K. & J. Chism. 1984.   Gum feeding as a dietary adaptation of wild patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Kenya. International Journal of Primatology 5: 370-370.

    Olson D.K. & J. Chism. 1984.   Mating season and diet among wild patas monkeys in Kenya.   American Journal of Physical Anthropology 63: 199-200.

    Chism, J. 1986.   Development and mother infant relations among captive patas monkeys. International Journal of Primatology 7: 49-81.

    Chism, J.B. & T.E. Rowell. 1986. Mating and residence patterns of male patas monkeys.   Ethology 72:31-39.

    Rowell. T.E. & J. Chism. 1986.   The ontogeny of sex-differences in the behavior of patas monkeys.   International Journal of Primatology 7:83-107.

    Harding, R.S.O. & D.K. Olson. 1986.   Patterns of mating among male patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Kenya. American Journal of Primatology 11:343-358.

    Izard, M.K. & L.T. Nash. 1988. Contrasting reproductive parameters in Galago senegalensis braccatus and G. s. moholi . International Journal of Primatology 9:519-527.

    Nash, L.T. & P.L. Whitten. 1989.   Preliminary-observations on the role of acacia gum chemistry in acacia utilization by Galago senegalensis in Kenya.   American Journal of Primatology 17:27-39.

    Chism, J. & W. Rogers. 1997. Male competition, mating success and female choice in a seasonally breeding primate (Erythrocebus patas).   Ethology 103:109-126.

    Chololo:

    Strum, S.C. 1987, 1990. Almost Human. A Journey into the World of Baboons. University of Chicago Press. (Second edition 2001, with a new Introduction and Epilogue.)

    Barton, R.A. 1993.   Sociospatial mechanisms of feeding competition in female olive baboons, Papio anubis.   Animal Behaviour 46:791-802.

    Barton, R.A., A. Whiten, R.W. Byrne, et al. 1993. Chemical-composition of baboon plant foods - implications for the interpretation of intraspecific and interspecific differences in diet. Folia Primatol 61:1-20.

    Barton, R.A. and A. Whiten. 1993. Feeding competition among female olive baboons, Papio anubis.   Animal Behaviour 46:777-789.

    Barton, R.A. and A. Whiten. 1994.   Reducing complex diets to simple rules - food selection by olive baboons.   Behavioural Ecolology and Sociobiology 35:283-293.

    Sambrook, T.D., A. Whiten & S.C. Strum. 1995.   Priority of access and grooming patterns of females in a large and a small group of olive baboons.   Animal Behaviour 50:1667-1682.

    Barton, R.A., R.W. Byrne & A. Whiten. 1996.   Ecology, feeding competition and social structure in baboons. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 38:321-329.

    Strum, S.C. 1998.   Moving the Pumphouse Gang. International Wildlife 28:12-21.

    Strum, S.C. 2005.   Measuring success in primate translocation: A baboon case study. American Journal of Primatology 65:117-140.

    Solio:

    Mihok, S., S.K. Moloo, J.O. Odeny, R.A. Brett, J.G. Rakwar, E. Munyoki, J. Kiilu & C.A. Kyorku. 1996.   Attractiveness of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) to tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae) and other biting flies. Bull. Entom. Res. 86:33-41.

    Karissa (Loroki Forest):

    Borghesio, L. & P. Laiolo. 2004. Seasonal foraging ecology in a forest avifauna of northern Kenya. Journal of Tropical Ecology 20:145-155.

    Mukogodo:

    Gang, G-Young. 1997.   Comparative analysis of lithic materials recovered from Shurmai (Gnjm 1) and Kakwa Lelash (Gnjm 2) rock shelters, Kenya (Stone Age).   Ph.D. Diss., Texas A&M University.

    Pearl, F.B. & D.B. Dickson. 2004.   Geoarchaeology and prehistory of the Kipsing and Tol River watersheds in the Mukogodo Hills region of Central Kenya.   Geoarchaeology-An International Journal 19:565-582.

    Mugie:

    Taylor, D., P.J. Lane, V. Muiruri, et al. 2005.  Mid- to late-holocene vegetation dynamics on the Laikipia Plateau, Kenya. Holocene 15:837-846.

    Laikipia in general

    Dennet, R.N. 1972.  Relationships of wildlife to livestock on some developed ranches on the Laikipia Plateau, Kenya.  J. Range Management 25:415-425.

    Berger, W.E. 1972.  Live-weights and body measurements of olive baboons (Papio anubis) in the Laikipia District of Kenya.  Journal of Mammalogy  53: 404-407.

    Peden, D.G. 1987.  Livestock and wildlife population-distributions in relation to aridity and human populations in Kenya.  Journal of Range Management 40:67-71.

    Johnson, R.N., P.M. Ngumbi, J.P. Mwanyumba & C.R. Roberts. 1993.  Host feeding preference of Phlebotomus guggisbergi, a vector of Leishmania tropica in Kenya.  Medical and Veterinary Entomology 7:216-218.

    Thenya T. 2001.  Challenges of conservation of dryland shallow waters, Ewaso Narok swamp, Laikipia District, Kenya.  Hydrobiologia 458: 107-119.

     Thenya, T. 2001.  Birding in Ewaso Narok Swamp, Rumuruti, a dryland swamp.  Kenya Birds 9:5-9.

    Chen H, Githeko AK, Zhou GF, Githure JI, Yan GY. 2006.  New records of Anopheles arabiensis breeding on the Mount Kenya highlands indicate indigenous malaria transmission.  Malaria Journal 5: Art. No. 17.

    Cerling, T.E., P. Omondi, & A.N. Macharia. 2007. Diets of Kenyan elephants from stable isotopes and the origin of confiscated ivory in Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 45:614–623.

    Hydrology, geography, and land use research in Laikipia

    Kiteme, B., U. Wiesmann, E. Kinzi and J.M. Mathuva. 1998.  A highland-lowland system under transition pressure: a spatio-temporal analysis. Eastern and Southern Africa. Geographical Journal 8S:45-53.

    Oteng'i, S.B.B., C.J. Stigter, J.K. Ng'ang'a and D.N. Mungai. 2000. Wind protection in a hedged agroforestry system in semiarid Kenya.  Agroforestry Systems 50:137-156.

    Gikunju, J.K., K.W. Simiyu, P.B. Gathura, M. Kyule and L.W. Kanja. 2002. River water fluoride in Kenya.  Fluoride 35:193-196 AUG 2002

    Kiteme,  B.P. and J. Gikonyo. 2002. Preventing and resolving water use conflicts in the Mount Kenya highland-lowland system through water users' associations. Mountain Research and Development 22:332-337.

    Wiesmann, U., F.N. Gichuki, B.P. Kiteme and H. Liniger. 2000.  Mitigating conflicts over scarce water resources in the highland-lowland system of Mount Kenya. Mountain Research and Development 20:10-15.

    Gichuki FN. 2004.  Managing the externalities of declining dry season river flow: A case study from the Ewaso Ngiro North River Basin, Kenya. Water Resources Research 40(8): Art. No. W08S03.

    Mungai DN, Ong CK, Kiteme B, Elkaduwa W, Sakthivadivel R. 2004.  Lessons from two long-term hydrological studies in Kenya and Sri Lanka.  Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 104:135-143.

    Aeschbacher J, Liniger H, Weingartner R. 2005.  River water shortage in a highland-lowland system - A case study of the impacts of water abstraction in the Mount Kenya region. Mountain Research and Development 25:155-162.

    Liniger H, Gikonyo J, Kiteme B, et al. 2005.  Assessing and managing scarce topical mountain water resources - The case of Mount Kenya and the semiarid Upper Ewaso Ng'iro Basin. Mountain Research and Development 25:163-173.

    Ngigi SN, Savenije HHG, Rockstrom J, Gachene CK.2005.  Hydro-economic evaluation of rainwater harvesting and management technologies: Farmers' investment options and risks in semi-arid Laikipia district of Kenya.  Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 30:772-782.

    Liniger H, Gikonyo J, Kiteme B, Wiesmann U. 2005. Assessing and managing scarce topical mountain water resources - The case of Mount Kenya and the semiarid Upper Ewaso Ng'iro Basin. Mountain Research and Development 25:163-173.

    Ngigi SN, Rockstrom J, Savenije HHG. 2006.  Assessment of rainwater retention in agricultural land and crop yield increase due to conservation tillage in Ewaso Ng'iro river basin, Kenya.  Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 31:910-918.

    Notter B, MacMillan L, Viviroli D, Weingartner R, Liniger HP. 2007.  Impacts of environmental change on water resources in the Mt. Kenya region. Journal of Hydrology 343:266-278.

     

    See also the Laikipia Research Programme publications:

    Laikipia-Mount Kenya Reports

    Laikipia-Mount Kenya Papers

 

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